An IUD is a small, T-shaped device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs are one of the most effective forms of birth control, with a failure rate of less than 1%.

IUDs work in two ways:

• They release copper or hormones that make it difficult for sperm to fertilize an egg.
• They prevent implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus.

There are two main types of IUDs:

• Copper IUDs: Copper IUDs release copper, which is toxic to sperm. Copper IUDs can last for up to 10 years.
• Hormonal IUDs: Hormonal IUDs release hormones, such as levonorgestrel or progestin, which thicken the cervical mucus and prevent implantation. Hormonal IUDs can last for 3 to 7 years, depending on the type.

IUDs offer a number of benefits, including:

• They are very effective at preventing pregnancy.
• They are long-lasting, so you don’t have to think about birth control every day or month.
• They are reversible, so you can have them removed if you want to get pregnant.
• They are safe for most women, including women who have never given birth.

Most women can get an IUD, regardless of their age, parity (whether or not they have had children), or medical history. However, IUDs are not recommended for women with certain medical conditions, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or active sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

IUDs are inserted into the uterus by a healthcare professional during a pelvic exam. The insertion procedure is usually quick and easy, and most women experience only mild cramping.

The most common side effects of IUDs are spotting and cramping. These side effects are usually mild and go away within a few months of insertion. Other potential side effects of IUDs include:

• Pelvic pain
• Back pain
• Breast tenderness
• Headaches
• Mood changes
• Acne

The length of time you can keep an IUD in place depends on the type of IUD you have. Copper IUDs can last for up to 10 years, while hormonal IUDs can last for 3 to 7 years, depending on the type.

If you are considering an IUD, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of IUDs and to choose the type of IUD that is right for you.